Aflatoxins B2 and G2 are naturally strong fluorescent molecules due to the high conjugation of their oxygenated structures, whereas aflatoxins B1 and G1 are weak fluorescent molecules. Among them, fluorescent detectors are the most popular one. Different detectors are applied for the detection of the eluted species. reported that use of mobile phase containing more than 70% (v/v) water decreases the sensitivity. was able to separate B1, B2, G1 and G2 aflatoxins on a 12 min chromatographic run by using an isocratic eluent consisting of water–acetonitrile–methanol (60:25:15, v/v). In one study, AFB1 content of peanut samples were measured by using C-18 columns but methanol was not added into acetonitrile-water mobile phase. Reversed phased separations mostly rely on C-18 columns and mobile phases consisting of water- acetonitrile-methanol in proper ratios. Although, both normal phase and reversed phased chromatography can be applied for the determination of aflatoxins, reversed phase setup is far more applied in literature due to the general advantages of reversed phase chromatography. HPLC has been widely used in literature due to its high separation power, high sensitivity and reproducibility, ease to use, suitability for automation and ability to couple with different detectors. also used immunoaffinity column extraction for the determination of AFM1 in raw and market milk commercialized in Greece.
Average recoveries on three different days were in the range of 72.57%-86.66% with 2.56%- 8.41% of RSD while the interday and interlevel mean recovery value was 80%. used an immunoaffinty column for the extraction and HPLC for quantification of AFM1 in yoghurt samples. Recoveries of B1, B2, G1, and G2 for smooth peanut buffer were 95.2, 89.9, 94.1, and 62.4%, respectively, while recoveries for crunchy peanut butter were 92.4, 84.3, 85.5, and 53.7%, respectively. In the extraction, analytes were extracted by using 15% sodium chloride in methanol (7 + 3) solution followed by a second extraction with methanol. Vega analyzed peanut butter samples for their aflatoxin (B1, B2, G1, and G2) contents. Recoveries of aflatoxin species spiked into nuts and cereals were found to be higher than 80% with the RSD <11.2%. used automated on-line in- tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2) in nuts, cereals, dried fruits, and spices. In this study, recoveries for the analytes ranged from 84 to 113% with low RSD values (lower than 20%). applied sonication extraction by using an ACN/water mixture (80:20 v/v) followed by a clean-up step utilizing C(18) as sorbent for the determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 and ochratoxin A in animal feed by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry. Recoveries in the range of 31 to 98% were obtained. In the extraction of the aflatoxins from human serum, subsequent pH-controlled solvent extractions were used. determined aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 and its metabolites, aflatoxins M1 and M2 in human serum by LC-MS/MS. Recoveries were found in the range 60-120% with relative standard deviations <25%. In this study, they used different extraction methods including solid-phase extraction, “dilute-and-shoot” (liquid- liquid extraction-based procedures), and QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe)-based methods. compared the efficiencies of different extraction procedures for the simultaneous determination of mycotoxins and pesticides in milk samples by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Recovery for aflatoxin B1 was higher than 72% with low RSD values (lower than 20%). also used methanol-water mixture for the extraction of aflatoxin B1 from pepper ( Piper nigrum L.